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Musō Soseki
was a Rinzai Zen Buddhist monk and teacher, and a calligraphist, poet and garden designer. The most famous monk of his time, he is also known as ("national Zen teacher"), a honorific conferred to him by Emperor Go-Daigo.〔''Musō Soseki'', Kyoto University〕 His mother was the daughter of Hōjō Masamura (1264-1268), seventh Shikken (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate.
==Biography==
Originally from Ise Province, now part of modern-day Mie Prefecture, Soseki was a ninth-generation descendant of Emperor Uda.〔Papinot (1972:602)〕 At the age of four he lost his mother and was therefore put in the temple of Hirashioyama under the guidance of priest Kūa.〔 He entered a mountain temple in 1283, where he studied the Shingon and Tendai sects of Buddhism. In 1292 he took his vows at Tōdai-ji in Nara, and was given the name Chikaku. In 1293 he dreamed that, while visiting two temples in China called in Japanese and he was given a portrait of Daruma Daishi and told to keep it safe.〔 When he woke up, he thought Zen was his destiny, so he converted〔 and went to study Zen at Kennin-ji Temple in Kyoto under , , and others. For the most part, however, he practiced alone. Kennichi confirmed Soseki's enlightenment after a period of time.〔Kirchner, Thomas Yuho, and Shizuteru Ueda 上田閑照. ''Entangling Vines : Zen Koans of the Shumon Kattoshu'' 宗門葛藤集. Saga Tenryuji (Japan): Tenryu-ji Institute for Philosophy and Religion, 2004, pp. 184-5.〕 Later, in remembrance of the dream, he composed his last name from the characters ''dream'' and ''window'', and his first name taking a character from each of the temples he had seen in the dream, becoming Musō Soseki, the name under which he was to become famous.〔〔(Reikizan Tenryū-ji ). Retrieved February 8, 2009.〕
In 1325 Emperor Go-Daigo requested that he come to Kyoto to become head priest of the great temple of Nanzen-ji.〔 The following year he founded Zen'o-ji in his native Ise〔 He was later invited by Kamakura's regent Hōjō Takatoki so, the following year, after establishing a temple in Ise province he went to Kamakura and stayed at Jōchi-ji and Engaku-ji. In 1327 with Nikaidō Dōun's support he founded Zuisen-ji, a temple destined to become an important cultural center in the region. Afterwards, he stayed at Kyūkō-ji in Kochi Prefecture etc.. He acquired creeds from both Hōjō Takatoki and Hōjō Sadaaki. After the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, he was ordered by the Emperor Go-Daigo to go back to Kyoto, where he founded Saihō-ji and Rinkawa-dera.〔 It was in this period that he was given by imperial decree the name Musō Kokushi.〔
In 1345 of Muromachi Period, he founded Tenryū-ji in Kyoto, that is his most important work. After that, six years passed, and he died.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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